Biomineralization of skeletal components (eg, bone and teeth) is generally accepted to
occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral–organic composites with …

Do corals form their skeletons by precipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous
precursor particles as observed in other minerals and biominerals? The classical model …

The aim of comparative skeletal histology and paleohistology is to interpret the biological
characteristics and life history traits of vertebrates through the microstructure of their bones …

Vertebrate Skeletal Histology and Paleohistology summarizes decades of research into the
biology and biological meaning of hard tissues, in both living and extinct vertebrates. In …

Sea urchin larvae have an endoskeleton consisting of two calcitic spicules. The primary
mesenchyme cells (PMCs) are the cells that are responsible for spicule formation. PMCs …

Many important biological questions can be addressed by studying in 3D large volumes of
intact, cryo fixed hydrated tissues (⩾ 10,000 μm 3) at high resolution (5–20 nm). This can be …

Abstract Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) is an invaluable tool
to visualize the 3D architecture of cell constituents and map cell networks. Recently …

The crystals in animal biominerals, such as sea urchin spines, mollusk shells, and coral
skeletons, form by attachment of amorphous particles that subsequently crystallize. Do these …

Highlights•Cryo-ET and computational subtomogram averaging have attained resolutions
suitable for atomic model building.•Cellular cryo-ET can visualize macromolecules at near-to …

We investigated the manner in which the sea urchin larva takes up calcium from its body
cavity into the primary mesenchymal cells (PMCs) that are responsible for spicule formation …