Electric fields map from the magnetosphere to the E region ionosphere where they drive the
intense currents of the auroral electrojet. Particularly during geomagnetic storms and …

Strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is an optical phenomenon of the
subauroral ionosphere arising from extreme ion drift speeds. STEVE consists of two distinct …

Currents flowing in the Earth's ionospheric electrojets often develop Farley-Buneman (FB)
streaming instabilities and become turbulent. The resulting electron density irregularities …

Global magnetospheric MHD codes using ionospheric conductances based on laminar
models systematically overestimate the cross–polar cap potential during storm time by up to …

VHF radars near the geomagnetic equator receive coherent reflections from plasma density
irregularities between 130 and 160 km in altitude during the daytime. Though researchers …

Millions of small but detectable meteors hit the Earth's atmosphere every second, creating
trails of hot plasma that turbulently diffuse into the background atmosphere. For over 60 …

Stimulated by recent observations described in a companion paper, we have revisited
existing theories of the Farley‐Buneman instability throughout the altitude range 90 to 125 …

Theory and observations of coherent scatter radar echoes from the auroral E region are
described. A unified interpretation of the spectral properties of the radar backscatter …

Above the Sun's luminous photosphere lies the solar chromosphere, where the temperature
increases from below 4000 K to over 1 million K. Though physicists do not understand the …

Daytime equatorial electrojet plasma irregularities were investigated using five distinct radar
diagnostics at Jicamarca including range-time-intensity (RTI) mapping, Faraday rotation …