The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Traditional views of cellular metabolism imply that it is passively adapted to meet the
demands of the cell. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that metabolites do more …

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, otherwise known as the Krebs cycle, is a central
metabolic pathway that performs the essential function of oxidizing nutrients to support …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent liver disease
in the world, yet there are still no approved pharmacological therapies to prevent or treat this …

The anaerobic threshold (AT) remains a widely recognized, and contentious, concept in
exercise physiology and medicine. As conceived by Karlman Wasserman, the AT coalesced …

Reprogrammed metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC cells are geared
toward rapid proliferation, requiring nutrients and the removal of cellular waste in nutrient …

Recent evidence supports the notion that mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for the
determination of stem cell fate. Historically, mitochondrial metabolism is linked to the …

Naive T cells are actively maintained in a quiescent state that promotes their survival and
persistence. On antigen stimulation, T cells exit quiescence to initiate clonal expansion and …

Ketone bodies play significant roles in organismal energy homeostasis, serving as oxidative
fuels, modulators of redox potential, lipogenic precursors, and signals, primarily during …

Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic
functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how …