Rodents are the most species-rich order within Mammalia and have evolved disparate
morphologies to accommodate numerous locomotor niches, providing an excellent …

Genital structures are among the most variable in nature and have been suggested to
evolve at exceptionally high rates. However, the vast majority of research on genital …

The analysis of patterns of integration is crucial for the reconstruction and understanding of
how morphological changes occur in a taxonomic group throughout evolution. These …

Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (family Phyllostomidae) are one of the most diverse mammalian
families and Artibeus spp. is one of the most speciose phyllostomid genera. In spite of their …

Mammals flex, extend, and rotate their spines as they perform behaviors critical for survival,
such as foraging, consuming prey, locomoting, and interacting with conspecifics or …

Functional morphology of the atlas reflects multiple aspects of an organism's biology. More
specifically, its shape indicates patterns of head mobility, while the size of its vascular …

The evolution of novel vertebral morphologies observed in humans and other extant
hominoids may be related to changes in the magnitudes and/or patterns of covariation …

The craniocervical junction is the transition between the skull and the vertebral column that
provides mobility while maintaining sufficient stability (ie, protection of the brainstem and the …

Objectives Differences between adult humans and great apes in cervical vertebral
morphology are well documented, but the ontogeny of this variation is still largely …

Objectives Previous studies of the prezygapophyseal articular facet (PAF) of the
thoracolumbar vertebrae in primates have suggested that the morphology of this feature …