The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and
endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l …

Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide that is biosynthesized in situ at high
concentrations (1–5 mM) and involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis via multiple …

Tubulointerstitial inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy
(DN). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is the key proinflammatory cytokine associated with …

Abnormal lipid metabolism in renal tubular epithelial cells contributes to renal lipid
accumulation and disturbed mitochondrial bioenergetics which are important in diabetic …

In this review encouraged by original data, we first provided in vivo evidence that the kidney,
comparative to the liver or brain, is an organ particularly rich in cysteine. In the kidney, the …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by progressive impairment of kidney
function. It has been postulated that tubule-interstitial injury, associated with tubular …

The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is a complex process that has a great relationship
with lipotoxicity. Since the concept of “nephrotoxicity” was proposed, many studies have …

Aluminum (Al), the most common element in nature, can enter the body through various
routes. Unfortunately, excessive accumulation of Al in the body can cause chronic toxicity. In …

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), while historically perceived merely as a toxicant, has
progressively emerged as a key regulator of numerous processes in mammalian physiology …

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule. The enzymes 3-
mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST), partly localized in mitochondria, and the inner …