Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in
the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now …

Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity affecting up to
90% of the worldwide population. Smoking has been identified as a major risk factor in the …

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory, multifactorial diseases where the major
triggering factors for disease onset are bacteria and their toxins, but the major part of tissue …

This systematic review explored associations between smoking and health outcomes
involving the musculoskeletal system. AMSTAR criteria were followed. A comprehensive …

Aim To compare biomarker levels in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of healthy implants
with levels in PICF of implants with peri‐implantitis (before and after non‐surgical treatment) …

Objectives To determine the association between tobacco and peri‐implant diseases in a
sample of patients who had received implant‐supported restorations in a university dental …

Background It is hypothesized that levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis
factor (TNF)‐α are significantly higher in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) of waterpipe …

Background: smoking is considered the most modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease.
Objective: the aim of this narrative review is to emphasize the effect of smoking on …

Background and Objective Smoking is a recognized risk factor for peri‐implant disease and
leads to microbiological changes in mucositis and peri‐implantitis. However, there is no …

Objectives Peri-implantitis is associated with bacterial plaque biofilms and with patients who
have a history of periodontitis. Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis, but the relationship …