Venom (toxins) is an important trait evolved along the evolutionary tree of animals. Our
knowledges on venoms, such as their origins and loss, the biological relevance and the …

Poisonous animals imply a risk to human life, because their venom is a complex mixture of
low molecular weight components, peptides and proteins. Hornets use the venom for self …

Nematocytes, the stinging cells of cnidarians, are the most evolutionarily ancient venom
apparatus. These nanosyringe-like weaponry systems reach pressures of approximately …

Background Wasp stinging, a neglected tropical entity can have a myriad of local and
systemic effects. We present a case of multi-organ injury following multiple wasp stings and …

Background Food-borne nematodes of the genus Anisakis are responsible for a wide range
of illnesses (= anisakiasis), from self-limiting gastrointestinal forms to severe systemic …

Antimicrobial peptides are an important class of therapeutic agent used against a wide
range of pathogens such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses …

Stinging accidents involving wasp venom are a notable cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in
Asia. However, very little attention has been paid to the understanding of the mechanisms …

Enolase is one of the most abundant cytosolic enzymes as well as an important glycolytic
metalloenzyme highly conserved among organisms from different taxonomical groups …

Edible insects are important sources of nutrition, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin
America. Recently, edible insects have gained considerable interest as a possible solution …

Background Saliva and muscle‐derived mosquito allergens have been purified and
characterized. However, the complete set of allergens remains to be elucidated. In this …