Hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced collagen fibrils serve as the basic building blocks of natural
bone and dentin. Mineralization of collagen fibrils play an essential role in ensuring the …

Age-induced osteoporosis is a global problem. Essential amino acids (EAAs) work as an
energy source and a molecular pathway modulator in bone, but their functions have not …

Aims We studied the changes in the circulating metabolome and their relation to the
menopausal hormonal shift in 17β-oestradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels among …

Citrate is a critical metabolic substrate and key regulator of energy metabolism in
mammalian cells. It has been known for decades that the skeleton contains most (> 85%) of …

A comprehensive understanding of the key microenvironmental signals regulating bone
regeneration is pivotal for the effective design of bioinspired orthopedic materials. Here, we …

Traditionally, bone tissue engineering has been used for creating implants for bone
regeneration, but recently, it is increasingly applied to create three-dimensional (3D) in vitro …

Citrate is an intermediate in the “Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle” and is used by all aerobic
organisms to produce usable chemical energy. It is a derivative of citric acid, a weak organic …

It is well established that cancer cells acquire energy via the Warburg effect and oxidative
phosphorylation. Citrate is considered to play a crucial role in cancer metabolism by virtue of …

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is the first solid phase precipitated from a
supersaturated calcium phosphate solution. Naturally, ACP is formed during the initial …

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a condition triggered by an injury leading to the formation of
mature lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues. Despite being a frequent complication of …