Recent experiments in vivo and in vitro have advanced our understanding of the sites and
mechanisms involved in mammalian respiratory rhythm generation. Here we evaluate and …

▪ Abstract Identification of the sites and mechanisms underlying the generation of respiratory
rhythm is of longstanding interest to physiologists and neurobiologists. Recently, with the …

The location of neurons generating the rhythm of breathing in mammals is unknown. By
microsection of the neonatal rat brainstem in vitro, a limited region of the ventral medulla (the …

We visualized respiratory neuron activity covering the entire ventral medulla using optical
recordings in a newborn rat brainstem–spinal cord preparation stained with voltage …

An intra-arterially perfused working heart-brainstem preparation (WH-BP) was developed to
allow studies into functionally identified cardiovascular and respiratory neurones in an in …

We have proposed models for the ionic basis of oscillatory bursting of respiratory pacemaker
neurons in the pre-Bötzinger complex. In this paper, we investigate the frequency control …

Breathing movements in mammals arise from a rhythmic pattern of neural activity, thought to
originate in the pre-Bötzinger complex in the lower brainstem. The mechanisms generating …

1. The involvement of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in the generation of respiratory
rhythm and transmission of inspiratory drive to hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons was examined …

We review a new unified model of respiratory rhythm generation—the hybrid pacemaker–
network model. This model represents a comprehensive synthesis of cellular and network …

A subset of preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and somatostatin
peptide (SST)-expressing neurons are necessary for breathing in adult rats, in vivo. Their …