Background Perineal trauma following vaginal birth can be associated with significant short‐
term and long‐term morbidity. Antenatal perineal massage has been proposed as one …

BACKGROUND: From the historical literature it is apparent that birthing in an upright
position was once common practice while today it appears that the majority of women within …

Background Our aim was to describe the range of perineal trauma in women with a
singleton vaginal birth and estimate the effect of maternal and obstetric characteristics on the …

NEW! Enhanced focus on prioritization of care in clinical reasoning case studies and nursing
care plans is consistent with NCLEX® updates. NEW! Recognition of the importance of …

Management of the second stage of labor often follows tradition‐based routines rather than
evidence‐based practices. This review of second‐stage labor care practices discusses risk …

Objective: Episiotomy rates are declining in the United States. In settings with very low rates,
evidence remains sparse on how best to facilitate birth without lacerations. The purpose of …

Evidence-based care is a well established principle in contemporary healthcare and a world
wide health care movement. However, despite the emphasis on promoting evidence-based …

Genital tract trauma is common following vaginal childbirth, and perineal pain is a frequent
symptom reported by new mothers. The following techniques and care measures are …

The routine use of the supine position during the second stage of labor can be considered to
be an intervention in the natural course of labor. This study aimed to establish whether the …

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of an immersion bath on pain magnitude during the first
stage of labour. DESIGN: a randomised controlled trial comparing the pain scores of bathing …