Androgens are essential sex steroid hormones for both sexes. Testosterone (T) is the
predominant androgen in males, while in adult females, T concentrations are about 15-fold …

The goal of this update regarding the diagnosis and care of persons with disorders of sex
development (DSDs) is to address changes in the clinical approach since the 2005 …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals derived from oxygen during normal cellular
metabolism. ROS play a crucial role in the physiological processes and signalling pathways …

Progesterone, estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids are involved in pregnancy from
implantation to parturition. Their biosynthesis and their metabolism result from complex …

The skin is an endocrine organ with the expression of metabolizing enzymes and hormone
receptors for diverse hormones. The sebaceous gland is the main site of hormone …

Aim Lead acetate impairs testicular function by enhancing testicular oxidative stress and
apoptosis. Cyperus esculentus possesses antioxidants and has shown great improvement …

The adrenal cortex undergoes multiple structural and functional rearrangements to satisfy
the systemic needs for steroids during fetal life, postnatal development, and adulthood. A …

Edaravone (ED) is a neuroprotective drug with beneficial effects against several disorders
due to its prominent antioxidant activity. However, its effect against methotrexate (MTX) …

Purpose 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency (3βHSD2D) is a very rare
variant of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing less than 0.5% of all CAH. The aim …

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is required for metabolic reactions of steroid and
drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 proteins located in endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in …