As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones
play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones …

Jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and dervatives, referred as jasmonates (JAs) are
important molecules in the regulation of many physiological processes in plant growth and …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and
indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host …

Herbivore damage to leaves and other vegetative tissues often stimulates the emission of
volatile compounds, suggesting that these substances have a role in plant defense. In fact …

All plants are able to emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the content and
composition of these molecules show both genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity …

Plants commonly attract predatory and parasitoid organisms, and may thereby increase
resistance against antagonistic herbivores. Mechanisms for indirect resistance include the …

Volatile compounds and extrafloral nectar are common defenses of wild plants; however, in
crops they bear an as-yet underused potential for biological control of pests and diseases …

During their evolution, plants have acquired diverse capabilities to sense their environment
and modify their growth and development as required. The versatile utilization of solar …

Although plants are sessile organisms, they can modulate their phenotype so as to cope
with environmental stresses such as herbivore attack and competition with neighbouring …

Plants emit volatile compounds that can act as a communication method to insects,
neighboring plants and pathogens. Plants respond to leaf and root damage by herbivores …