Renewed economic interest in iron oxide–apatite (IOA) deposits—containing tens to
hundreds of millions of tonnes of Fe and substantial amounts of rare earth elements, P, Co …

Volcanic eruptions are driven by bubbles that form when volatile species exsolve from
magma. The conditions under which bubbles form depend mainly on magma composition …

Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are an important source of iron and other elements (eg,
REE, P, U, Ag and Co) vital to modern society. However, their formation, including the …

Vesicles in volcanic rocks are frozen records of degassing processes in magmas. For this
reason, their sizes, spatial arrangements, numbers and shapes can be linked to physical …

Bubble nucleation is at the heart of magma ascent and degassing. Nucleation kinetics
control how easily a magma exsolves its volatiles, and thereby its explosivity close to the …

Degassing dynamics play a crucial role in controlling the explosivity of magma at erupting
volcanoes. Degassing of magmatic water typically involves bubble nucleation and growth …

Magma from Plinian volcanic eruptions contains an extraordinarily large numbers of
bubbles. Nucleation of those bubbles occurs because pressure decreases as magma rises …

Soufrière Hills Volcano had two periods of repetitive Vulcanian activity in 1997. Each
explosion discharged the contents of the upper 0.5–2km of the conduit as pyroclastic flows …

Explosivity in erupting volcanoes is controlled by the degassing dynamics and the viscosity
of the ascending magma in the conduit. Magma crystallisation enhances both …

The volatile cycle at subduction zones is key to the petrogenesis, transport, storage and
eruption of arc magmas. Volatiles control the flux of slab components into the mantle wedge …