Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound serving as a monomer to produce
polycarbonate plastic, widely used in the packaging for food and drinks, medical devices …

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, with estrogen receptor
positive (ER+) breast cancer making up approximately 75% of all breast cancers diagnosed …

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) is the most common subtype of breast cancer. Endocrine
therapy is the fundamental treatment against this entity, by directly or indirectly modifying …

Estrogen is a fundamental regulator of the metabolic system of the female brain and body.
Within the brain, estrogen regulates glucose transport, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial …

During the past decade there has been a substantial advance in our understanding of
estrogen signaling both from a clinical as well as a preclinical perspective. Estrogen …

Elwood Jensen and Jack Gorski had spent 10 yr providing experimental evidence to support
the concept of an intracellular “receptor” protein for steroid hormones. Their combined work …

The biological actions of estrogens are mediated by estrogen binding to one of two specific
estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ, which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, a …

In 1958, Lerner and coworkers published their landmark paper on the pharmacological
properties of the first nonsteroidal antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol or MER-25 (fig. 1). Lerner …

Multidisciplinary in scope and fully up to date with the latest advances in medical oncology
and more, Bland and Copeland's The Breast, 6th Edition, covers every clinically relevant …

Obesity and its associated health disorders and costs are increasing. Males and females
differ in terms of how and where body fat is stored, the hormones they secrete in proportion …