Upon receipt in the dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord, nociceptive (pain-signalling)
information from the viscera, skin and other organs is subject to extensive processing by a …

Norepinephrine is involved in intrinsic control of pain. Main sources of norepinephrine are
sympathetic nerves peripherally and noradrenergic brainstem nuclei A1–A7 centrally …

Loeser - Bonica's Management of Page 1 Bonica's Management of Pain 3rd edition (January
15, 2001): By John D. Loeser (Editor), Steven H. Butler (Editor), C. Richard Chapman (Editor) …

α2-Adrenergic receptors mediate part of the diverse biological effects of the endogenous
catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine. Three distinct subtypes of α2-adrenergic …

This review summarizes recent findings on peripheral mechanisms underlying the
generation and inhibition of pain. The focus is on events occurring in peripheral injured …

A comparative analysis of catecholaminergic systems in the brain and spinal cord of
vertebrates forces to reconsider several aspects of the organization of catecholamine …

Local anesthetics bind reversibly to a specific receptor site within the pore of the Na+
channels in nerves and block ion movement through this pore. When applied locally to …

Background Experimental studies and clinical observations suggest a possible role for
opioids to induce pain and hyperalgesia on withdrawal. The authors used a new …

The α2 adrenergic receptors (α2ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that
respond to adrenaline and noradrenaline and couple to the Gi/o family of G proteins. α2ARs …

Morphine induces antinociception by activating μ opioid receptors (μORs) in spinal and
supraspinal regions of the CNS. βarrestin-2 (βarr2), a G-protein-coupled receptor-regulating …