Interactions between cancer cells and their surroundings can trigger essential signaling
cues that determine cell fate and influence the evolution of the malignant phenotype. As the …

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development,
aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and …

IGF-1R inhibitors arrived in the clinic accompanied by optimism based on preclinical activity
of IGF-1R targeting, and recognition that low IGF bioactivity protects from cancer. This was …

Upregulation of IGF2 occurs in both childhood and adult malignancies. Its overexpresssion
is associated with resistance to chemotherapy and worse prognosis. IGF2 promoter usage is …

Integrins contribute to cancer progression and aggressiveness by activating intracellular
signal transduction pathways and transducing mechanical tension forces. Remarkably …

Background: Signaling from integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) contributes
substantially to therapy resistance of malignant tumors. We investigated simultaneous β1 …

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, also known as c-Src, belongs to the family of
non-receptor tyrosine protein kinases (TKs) called Src kinases. It plays a crucial role in cell …

fluorouracil (5-FU), one of the first-line chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of
gastrointestinal malignancies, has shown limited efficacy. The expression of thymidylate …

The tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are newly discovered
noncoding RNAs in recent years. They are derived from specific cleavage of mature and pre …

Background: Therapies cotargeting insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) and
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have demonstrated remarkable, albeit short-lived …