Most metabolic reactions are connected through either their utilization of nucleotides or their
utilization of nucleotides or their regulation by these metabolites. In this review the …

The literature presents a growing body of evidence demonstrating the positive effect of
probiotics on health. Probiotic consumption levels are rising quickly in the world despite the …

Background In lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acid stress leads to decreases of cell vitality and
fermentation yield. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system is regarded as one of the …

In all organisms, carbamoylphosphate (CP) is a precursor common to the synthesis of
arginine and pyrimidines. In Escherichia coli and most other Gram-negative bacteria, CP is …

Background Prokaryotic microbes have impacted marine biogeochemical cycles for billions
of years. Viruses also impact these cycles, through lysis, horizontal gene transfer, and …

Lactic acid bacteria often encounter a variety of multiple stresses in their natural and
industrial fermentation environments. The glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system is one of …

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum could regulate certain physiological functions through the AI-
2/LuxS-mediated quorum sensing (QS) system. To explore the regulation mechanism on the …

This chapter provides an overview on biosynthesis of amino acids. Glutamine and glutamate
occupy a special place in nitrogen metabolism because virtually all nitrogen‐containing …

Lactic acid bacteria require rich media since, due to mutations in their biosynthetic genes,
they are unable to synthesize numerous amino acids and nucleobases. Arginine …

Streptococcus thermophilus is a major component of dairy starter cultures used for the
manufacture of yoghurt and cheese. In this study, the CO2 metabolism of S. thermophilus …