▪ Abstract Mammals are exposed to a diverse array of parasites and infectious diseases,
many of which affect host survival and reproduction. Species that live in dense populations …

Sexual dimorphism is a pervasive phenomenon among anthropoid primates. Comparative
analyses over the past 30 years have greatly expanded our understanding of both variation …

The human vaginal microbiome is dominated by bacteria from the genus Lactobacillus,
which create an acidic environment thought to protect women against sexually transmitted …

We review evolutionary processes and mechanisms that gave rise to the diversity of primate
social systems. We define social organization, social structure and mating system as distinct …

Comparison is fundamental to evolutionary anthropology. When scientists study
chimpanzee cognition, for example, they compare chimp performance on cognitive tasks to …

This comprehensive introductory text integrates evolutionary, ecological, and demographic
perspectives with new results from field studies and contemporary noninvasive molecular …

Females of some Old World primate taxa advertise their sexual receptivity with exaggerated
sexual swellings. Although a number of hypotheses have been proposed, the function of this …

Year–round association between adult males and females is common in primates, even
though internal gestation and lactation predispose males to mate–desertion in the majority …

Conspicuous swellings of the perineal skin can be observed in females of many catharrine
primate species particularly during the middle stages of the ovarian cycle. The functional …

Hadza hunter-gatherers display economic and social features usually assumed to indicate
the dependence of wives and children on provisioning husbands and fathers. The wives and …