Hypertonic saline has been in clinical use for many decades. Its osmotic and volume‐
expanding properties make it theoretically useful for a number of indications in critical care …

Hemorrhage control and resuscitation are the top priorities in trauma care. Exsanguination is
the leading cause of possibly preventable death in civilian [1, 2] and military trauma [3]. The …

Objectives Resuscitation in severe head injury may be detrimental when given with
hypotonic fluids. We evaluated the effects of lactated Ringer's solution (sodium 131 mmol/L …

The safety and efficacy of 7.5% sodium chloride in 6% dextran 70 (HSD) in posttraumatic
hypotension was evaluated in Houston, Denver, and Milwaukee. Multicentered, blinded …

Background Diuretics have been accepted as first-line treatment in refractory congestive
heart failure (CHF), but a lack of response to them is a frequent event. A randomized, single …

BACKGROUND Hypertonic saline (HTS) and mannitol are effective in reducing intracranial
pressure (ICP) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, their simultaneous effect …

Background: The impact of osmotic therapies on brain oxygen has not been extensively
studied in humans. We examined the effects on brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) of …

Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death in trauma patients worldwide. Bleeding
control, maintenance of tissue oxygenation with fluid resuscitation, coagulation support, and …

Objective To test the hypothesis that controlled resuscitation can lead to improved survival in
otherwise fatal uncontrolled hemorrhage. Methods Uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced …

Resuscitation can exacerbate cellular injury caused by hemorrhagic shock, and the type of
fluid used for resuscitation may play an important role in this injury. Unlike some factors in …