Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) are essential components of the Trx
system which plays pivotal roles in regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. In …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated …

Selenium is a vital trace element present as selenocysteine (Sec) in proteins that are, thus,
known as selenoproteins. Humans have 25 selenoproteins, most of which are functionally …

Mitochondria serves a primary role in energy maintenance but also function to govern levels
of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS). ROS have long been established …

Human thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenoprotein with a central role in cellular redox
homeostasis, utilizing a highly reactive and solvent-exposed selenocysteine (Sec) residue in …

Although the use of antioxidants for the treatment of cancer and HIV/AIDS has been
proposed for decades, new insights gained from redox research have suggested a very …

A potential target of precision nutrition in cancer therapeutics is the micronutrient selenium
(Se). Se is metabolized and incorporated as the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) into 25 …

Novel drugs are urgently needed for gastric cancer (GC) treatment. The thioredoxin-
thioredoxin reductase (TRX-TRXR) system has been found to play a critical role in GC …

The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and
antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules …

Abstract Thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) is a key component of the mitochondrial
thioredoxin system able to transfer electrons to peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) in a reaction mediated …