Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously
evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill …

As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during the past years, interactions between human
immune systems, rapidly mutating and selected SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, and effective …

Continuous evolution of Omicron has led to a rapid and simultaneous emergence of
numerous variants that display growth advantages over BA. 5 (ref.). Despite their divergent …

The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants highlights the need to update COVID-19
vaccine compositions. However, immune imprinting induced by vaccination based on the …

The protective efficacy of serum antibodies results from the interplay of antigen-specific B
cell clones of different affinities and specificities. These cellular dynamics underlie serum …

This ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 trial compared the safety and immunogenicity of the
Omicron BA. 4/BA. 5-containing bivalent mRNA-1273.222 vaccine with the ancestral Wuhan …

Immune imprinting describes how the first exposure to a virus shapes immunological
outcomes of subsequent exposures to antigenically related strains. Severe acute respiratory …

Understanding the longitudinal dynamics of antibody immunity following heterologous SAR-
CoV-2 breakthrough infection will inform the development of next-generation vaccines …

To combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines,
encoding both ancestral and Omicron BA. 5 spikes, have replaced monovalent vaccines in …

The engineered outer domain germline targeting version 8 (eOD-GT8) 60-mer nanoparticle
was designed to prime VRC01-class HIV-specific B cells that would need to be matured …