This review deals with emerging evidence of an association between systemic or local
hypoxia and inflammation in a variety of diseases. The evidence points to new ways of …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized during adverse inflammatory processes
associated with disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, pathogen infection and …

Emerging evidence indicates that impaired cellular energy metabolism is the defining
characteristic of nearly all cancers regardless of cellular or tissue origin. In contrast to normal …

Oxygen (O 2) availability is a key factor regulating microbiota composition and the
homeostatic function of cells in the intestinal mucosa of vertebrates. Microbiota-derived …

Background It is unknown whether lesions in human TB are hypoxic or whether this
influences disease pathology. Human TB is characterised by extensive lung destruction …

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a leaderless cytokine, like the IL-1 and FGF family
members, that has primary roles within the nucleus and the cytosol. Within the nucleus, it …

Background While acute lung injury (ALI) contributes significantly to critical illness, it
resolves spontaneously in many instances. The majority of patients experiencing ALI require …

Highlights•Hypoxia is a prominent feature in inflamed tissues.•The HIF pathway is a potential
therapeutic target in inflammation.•Hydroxylase inhibition is anti-inflammatory in models of …

Background Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 is the key transcriptional factor involved in the
adaptation process of cells and organisms to hypoxia. Recent findings suggest that HIF-1 …

Sepsis and septic acute lung injury are among the leading causes for morbidity and mortality
of critical illness. Extracellular adenosine is a signaling molecule implicated in the cellular …