Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone
morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of …

The past decade has seen an explosion in the field of bone biology. The area of bone
biology over this period of time has been marked by a number of key discoveries that have …

In 1997, investigators isolated a secreted glycoprotein that blocked osteoclast differentiation
from precursor cells, prevented osteoporosis (decreased bone mass) when administered to …

Development of the vertebrate skeleton, a complex biological event that includes diverse
processes such as formation of mesenchymal condensations at the sites of future skeletal …

Advanced prostate cancer is frequently accompanied by the development of metastasis to
bone. In the past, prostate cancer bone metastases were characterized as being …

The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that govern the differentiation and proliferation
of human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) could improve hASC …

We describe the effects of the overexpression of noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein
(BMP) inhibitor, on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cells of the osteoblast and …

Smad proteins are intracellular molecules that mediate the canonical signaling cascade of
TGFβ superfamily growth factors. The TGFβ superfamily comprises two groups of growth …

Breast carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in women. Breast
carcinoma frequently metastasizes to bone and approximately 70% of patients with breast …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of signaling molecules, which includes TGF-
βs, activins, inhibins, and numerous bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth and …