The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of PI3K/Akt signaling
pathway in erythropoiesis and glycolysis. Phosphatidylinositol‑4, 5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase …

Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression
and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been recognized as an important cancer
drug target. Many recent studies have provided convincing evidences of strong correlation …

Insufficient tissue oxygenation, or hypoxia, contributes to tumor aggressiveness and has a
profound impact on clinical outcomes in cancer patients. At decreased oxygen tensions …

Immune checkpoints are inhibitory receptor/ligand pairs regulating immunity that are
exploited as key targets of anti-cancer therapy. Although the PD-1/PD-L1 pair is one of the …

It has been appreciated for nearly 100 years that cancer cells are metabolically distinct from
resting tissues. More recently understood is that this metabolic phenotype is not unique to …

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
pathway is activated in the majority of human cancers. This pathway is known to play a key …

Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely
related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of …

Cell proliferation requires nutrients, energy, and biosynthetic activity to duplicate all
macromolecular components during each passage through the cell cycle. It is therefore not …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized during adverse inflammatory processes
associated with disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, pathogen infection and …