Complement has long been considered a key innate immune effector system that mediates
host defence and tissue homeostasis. Yet, growing evidence has illuminated a broader …

The complement cascade is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system that
contributes to the rapid clearance of pathogens and dead or dying cells, as well as …

Progress at the beginning of the 21st century transformed the perception of complement
from that of a blood-based antimicrobial system to that of a global regulator of immunity and …

The complement system was discovered at the end of the 19th century as a heat-labile
plasma component that “complemented” the antibodies in killing microbes, hence the name …

As a preformed defense system, complement faces a delicate challenge in providing an
immediate, forceful response to pathogens even at first encounter, while sparing host cells in …

The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are abundantly present in cancer, providing
malignant cells selective advantage by suppressing multiple apoptotic pathways, regulating …

Effective inhibition of the complement system is needed to prevent the accelerated
clearance of nanomaterials by complement cascade and inflammatory responses. Here we …

Ocular inflammation is a defining feature of sight threating diseases and its dysregulation
can catalyze and or propagate ocular neurodegenerative maladies such as age-related …

C3 is the central effector molecule of the complement system, mediating its multiple
functions through different binding sites and their corresponding receptors. We will introduce …

Antigen binding by serum Ig-M (IgM) protects against microbial infections and helps to
prevent autoimmunity, but causes life-threatening diseases when mistargeted. How antigen …