This paper presents the findings of a critical review of studies carried out in low-and middle-
income countries (LMICs) focusing on the economic consequences for households of illness …

Ill-health contributes to impoverishment, a process brought into sharper focus by the impact
of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) …

Demographic and epidemiological changes are shifting the disease burden from
communicable to noncommunicable diseases in lower-income countries. Within a …

Background Health policy makers have long been concerned with protecting people from
the possibility that ill health will lead to catastrophic financial payments and subsequent …

Background An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure
access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies …

This paper presents and compares two threshold approaches to measuring the fairness of
health care payments, one requiring that payments do not exceed a pre‐specified proportion …

Poverty and ill-health are intertwined. Poor countries tend to have worse health outcomes
than better-off countries. Within countries, poor people have worse health outcomes than …

Abstract Out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments are the principal means of financing health care
throughout much of Asia. We estimate the magnitude and distribution of OOP payments for …

Untreated sickness among poor people is recorded not only in countries with serious
economic difficulties, but also in those with high and stable economic growth. For example …

Too often, services fail poor people—in access, in quality, and in affordability. But the fact
that there are striking examples where basic services such as water, sanitation, health …