Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review
the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the …

The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or
pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive …

Vaccines have been a hugely successful public health intervention, virtually eliminating
many once common diseases of childhood. However, they have had less success in …

Most existing vaccines, delivered by intramuscular injection (IM), are typically associated
with stringent storage requirements under cold-chain distribution and professional …

Vaccination remains our main defence against influenza, which causes substantial annual
mortality and poses a serious pandemic threat. Influenza virus evades immunity by rapidly …

Vaccination is one of the most successful measures in modern medicine to combat
diseases, especially infectious diseases, and saves millions of lives every year. Vaccine …

The human skin is populated by a diverse pool of memory T cells, which can act rapidly in
response to pathogens and cancer antigens. Tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRM) have …

Rapid global COVID-19 pandemic response by mass vaccination is currently limited by the
rate of vaccine manufacturing. This study presents a techno-economic feasibility assessment …

Protein or peptide-based subunit vaccines have generated excitement and renewed interest
in combating human cancer or COVID-19 outbreak. One major concern for subunit vaccine …

Delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions (dtDHR) are immune-mediated reactions with
skin and visceral manifestations ranging from mild to severe. Clinical care is negatively …