The prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in its second year
has led to massive global human and economic losses. The high transmission rate and the …

Infectious diseases, also known as transmissible or communicable diseases, are caused by
pathogens or parasites that spread in communities by direct contact with infected individuals …

Nicotiana benthamiana is used worldwide as production host for recombinant proteins.
Many recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies, growth factors or viral antigens …

The structure and post-translational processing of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) is
intimately associated with the function of the virus and of sterilising vaccines. The surface of …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory illness caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The prevention of SARS …

Recombinant production of viral proteins can be used to produce vaccine antigens or
reagents to identify antibodies in patient serum. Minimally, these proteins must be correctly …

Summary Background While acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated inflammation
resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as
the causative agent for causing the clinical syndrome of COVID-19. Accurate detection of …

The current 15-month coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-
2 has accounted for 3.77 million deaths and enormous worldwide social and economic …

Despite the growth of molecular diagnosis from the era of Hippocrates, the emergence of
COVID-19 is still remarkable. The previously used molecular techniques were not rapid …