Stroke is one of the leading causes for disability worldwide. Motor function deficits due to
stroke affect the patients' mobility, their limitation in daily life activities, their participation in …

Introduction Post-stroke spastic movement disorder (PS-SMD) appears up to 20% in the first
week following stroke and 40% in the chronic phase. It may create major hurdles to …

This consensus paper is derived from a meeting of an international group of 19 neurological
rehabilitation specialists with a combined experience of more than 250 years (range 4–25 …

Objectives To determine the reliability and validity of the Modified Heckmatt scale in
assessing muscle echotexture in spasticity. Design Prospective, observational, 2-center …

Advances in high-resolution ultrasound have provided clinicians with unique opportunities
to study diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Ultrasound complements the clinical …

Background The time-course response after a single injection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) for
post-stroke spasticity is debated. We addressed this issue by conducting a systematic review …

Poststroke spasticity affects up to one-half of stroke patients and has debilitating effects,
contributing to diminished activities of daily living, quality of life, pain, and functional …

Objective: To systematically review randomized controlled trials of botulinum neurotoxin for
limb spasticity to determine whether different injection techniques affect spasticity outcomes …

Post-stroke spasticity (PSS) is a complication that contributes to limitations in performance of
activities and community participation. It occurs in anywhere from 19%(Sommerfeld et al …

Spasticity of flexor digitorum profundus is frequently managed with botulinum toxin
injections. Knowledge of the 3D morphology and intramuscular innervation of the digital …