The kidney is affected by many chemicals. Some of the chemicals may even contribute to
end-stage renal disease and thus contribute considerably to health care costs. Because of …

Serum is commonly used as a supplement to cell culture media. It provides a broad
spectrum of macromolecules, carrier proteins for lipoid substances and trace elements …

Insulin stimulates the growth and proliferation of a variety of cells in culture. The growth-
stimulatory effects of insulin are observed in G o/G l arrested cells limited for serum growth …

Telomere-dependent replicative senescence is one of the mechanisms that limit the number
of population doublings of normal human cells. By overexpression of telomerase, cells of …

Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are ubiquitous in the human population (> 90% of adults
are seropositive) but have never been implicated as the cause of any disease. They were …

CTGF plays a significant role in the development of renal fibrosis by mediating the fibrotic
effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and has been shown to be hypoxia inducible …

Synthesis and assembly of tight junctions are studied in monolayers of MDCK cells plated at
a density sufficient for confluence, allowed to attach for 1 hr, and transferred to fresh media …

Proximal tubular epithelial cells from mice which develop autoimmune interstitial nephritis
were found to express the nephritogenic target antigen, 3M-1. Anti-3M-1 mAbs (alpha 3M-1 …

Colony formation by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HK) has been achieved in a
medium that contains no deliberately added undefined supplements. The term “defined” is …

Methods Reagents Dulbecco's Modified Eagles' Medium (DME) and Ham's F-12 (F-12)
growth medium were obtained from Gibco Diagnos-tics, Grand Island, New York. Fetal calf …