The dynamics of pigment concentrations are diagnostic of a range of plant physiological
properties and processes. This paper appraises the developing technologies and analytical …

Soft computing is a set of “inexact” computing techniques, which are able to model and
analyze very complex problems. For these complex problems, more conventional methods …

Hyperspectral data (Table 1) is acquired as continuous narrowbands (eg, each band with 1
to 10 nanometer or nm bandwidths) over a range of electromagnetic spectrum (eg, 400 …

Leaf pigment content provides valuable insight into the productivity, physiological and
phenological status of vegetation. Measurement of spectral reflectance offers a fast …

Nutritional status in citrus plants, which is used as a guide for fertilisation, is normally
determined by chemical analysis of leaves. According to standardised procedures, this is a …

The chlorophyll meter (CM) has been commonly used for in-season nitrogen (N)
management of corn (Zea mays L.). Nevertheless, it has limited potential for site-specific N …

Heavy metal stress in soils results in subtle changes in leaf chlorophyll concentration, which
are related to crop growth and crop yield. Accurate estimation of the chlorophyll …

This research was conducted as a preliminary step toward developing a real-time spectral-
based nitrogen sensorfor citrus trees. Diffuse reflectance of leaf samples, with five nitrogen …

Spectral reflectance (SR) indices [NDVI (R900–R680/R900+ R680); GNDVI (R780–
R550/R780+ R550); and water index, WI (R900/R970)]; and 6 chlorophyll indices …

Zn is an essential nutrient for humans, with crucial biological functions. However, Zn
concentration in rice grains is generally low. Therefore, a cereal-based diet may lead to Zn …