Controversies exist on the influence of lower pole anatomy (infundibular pelvic angle, IPA;
infundibular length, IL; and infundibular width, IW) for success and outcomes related to the …

Purpose: Miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL), including minipercutaneous
nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ultramini-PCNL, and micro-PCNL, have been developed recently …

Studies which examine the factors affecting success rate in kidney stones located in the
lower pole as well as the effects of infundibulopelvic angle (IPA) and infundibular length (IL) …

Purpose: To determine the perioperative risk factors for postoperative infections among
patients undergoing flexible uretero-renoscopy with laser lithotripsy (FURSLL). In addition …

Backgrounds The increasing prevalence of pediatric kidney stones worldwide makes
minimally invasive lithotripsy like retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous …

Purpose Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) is steadily gaining popularity in the management of
renal calculi, including those located in the lower pole (LP). Due to difficulty in accessing to …

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the stone-free rate (SFR) of in situ treatment
vs relocation and lithotripsy for lower pole stones of less than 2 cm following retrograde …

Background To evaluate the safety and efficacy of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini
PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in treatment of kidney stones 20–30 mm …

Objective To evaluate the long-term stone-free rate (SFR) of retrograde intra-renal surgery
(RIRS) in the treatment of lower pole renal calculi using only basket relocation and identify …

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) was generally challenging in management of lower
pole stone (LPS) since the unfavorable anatomy. Theoretically, LPS was prone to fall out …