A branched vascular network is crucial to placental development and is dependent on
factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) …

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most pleiotropic signaling molecules at systemic and cellular
levels, participating in vascular tone regulation, cellular respiration, proliferation, apoptosis …

Embryonic and fetal growth depend on genetic and environmental factors, and the process
is the result of the interaction between these factors. About 7–9% of live-born infants have a …

Problem Implantation failure and early pregnancy loss are common following natural
conceptions and they are particularly important clinical hurdles to overcome following …

Placental vascular tone is critically influenced by nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial
NO synthase (eNOS) activity. Placental vessels from pregnancies complicated with …

The endothelium, which constitutes the inner layer of blood vessels and lymphatic
structures, plays an important role in various physiological functions. Alterations in structure …

The objectives of this study were to determine whether placental growth factor (PlGF) exerts
a vasodilatory effect on rat uterine vessels (arcuate arteries and veins) and to examine …

Clinically, fetal growth restriction (FGR) is only detectable in later gestation, despite
pathophysiological establishment likely earlier in pregnancy. Additionally, there are no …

The gonadotropins, whose members are human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), lutenizing
hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are a well characterized hormone …

During normal pregnancy, dramatically increased placental blood flow is critical for fetal
growth and survival as well as neonatal birth weights and survivability. This increased blood …