Cytokines are involved in intestinal homeostasis and pathological processes associated
with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The biological effects of cytokines, including several …

Autoimmune diseases are caused when immune cells act against self-protein. This
biological self–non-self-discrimination phenomenon is controlled by a distinct group of …

Probiotics can effectively improve ulcerative colitis (UC), but the mechanism is still unclear.
Here, shotgun metagenome and transcriptome analyses were performed to explore the …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells ensure tolerance against self-antigens, limit excessive
inflammation, and support tissue repair processes. Therefore, Treg cells are currently …

The NR superfamily comprises 48 transcription factors in humans that control a plethora of
gene network programs involved in a wide range of physiologic processes. This review will …

Infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory CD4+ T-cell populations is a key
characteristic of chronic intestinal inflammation. Memory-phenotype CD4+ T-cell frequencies …

Probiotics have shown good efficacy in the prevention of ulcerative colitis (UC), but the
specific mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, shotgun metagenomic and transcriptome …

Abstract CD4+ CD25highCD127low/− FOXP3+ T regulatory cells are responsible for
maintaining immune tolerance and controlling excessive immune responses. Treg cell use …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in maintaining immune balance and regulating the
loss of self-tolerance mechanisms in various autoimmune diseases, including primary …

Murine alternatively activated macrophages can exert anti-inflammatory effects. We sought
to determine if IL-4–treated human macrophages [ie, hM (IL4)] would promote epithelial …