In a wide range of taxa, there is evidence that mothers adaptively shape the development of
offspring behaviour by exposing them to steroids. These maternal effects have major …

Highlights•Prenatal environment has organizing effects on developmental trajectories.•Data
on prenatal hormone-mediated maternal effects are inconsistent.•Hormonal effects should …

Maternal stress can affect the offspring of birds, possibly due to hormone deposition in the
egg. Additionally, phenotypic diversity resulting from domestication and selection for …

Developing animals are increasingly exposed to elevated temperatures as global
temperatures rise as a result of climate change. Vertebrates can be affected by elevated …

The phenotypes observed in urban and rural environments are often distinct; however, it
remains unclear how these novel urban phenotypes arise. Hormone-mediated maternal …

During times of maternal stress, developing embryos can be exposed to elevated levels of
glucocorticoids, which can affect development and permanently alter offspring phenotype. In …

Maternal stress during reproduction can influence how offspring respond to stress later in
life. Greater lifetime exposure to glucocorticoid hormones released during stress is linked to …

When females experience stress during reproduction, developing embryos can be exposed
to elevated levels of glucocorticoids, which can permanently affect offspring development …

Maternal transfer of steroids to eggs can elicit permanent effects on offspring phenotype.
Although testosterone was thought to be a key mediator of maternal effects in birds, we now …

Early-life exposure to stressors can shape the phenotype of the offspring resulting in
changes that may affect their prehatch and posthatch development. This can be modeled …