Glucocorticoids are hormones that mediate the energetic demands that accompany
environmental challenges. It is therefore not surprising that these metabolic hormones have …

We examined the literature on the effects of habitat fragmentation and disturbance on howler
monkeys (genus Alouatta) to (1) identify different threats that may affect howlers in …

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health is compromised by complex interactions between
multiple stressors, among which pesticides play a major role. To better understand the …

When vertebrate physiological ecologists use the terms 'stress' or 'physiological stress', they
typically mean the level of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA-) axis activation …

During the past two decades, techniques for faecal steroid analysis have been developed
and have been used for research with mammalian, bird and, to a lesser extent, reptile …

Wildlife populations are under increasing pressure from a variety of threatening processes,
ranging from climate change to habitat loss, that can incite a physiological stress response …

We conducted a prospective study of bacterial transmission among humans, nonhuman
primates (primates hereafter), and livestock in western Uganda. Humans living near forest …

Animals, like humans, suffer and die from natural causes. This is particularly true of animals
living in the wild, given their high exposure to, and low capacity to cope with, harmful natural …

Forest fragmentation may alter host–parasite interactions in ways that contribute to host
population declines. We tested this prediction by examining parasite infections and the …

Background Giardia duodenalis is prevalent in tropical settings where diverse opportunities
exist for transmission between people and animals. We conducted a cross-sectional study of …