Orofacial clefts (OFCs) rank as the second most common congenital birth defect in the
United States after Down syndrome and are the most common head and neck congenital …

Astrocytomas are primary malignant brain tumors that originate from astrocytes. Grade IV
astrocytoma or glioblastoma is a highly invasive tumor that occur within the brain …

Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are indispensable to mediating the
connections between cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we intended to …

Ischemic stroke, a cerebrovascular disease worldwide, triggers a cascade of
pathophysiological events, including blood‐brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Brain …

Background Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are an enzyme family with peroxidase activity.
Abnormal GPX expression is associated with carcinogenesis. However, the potential role of …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and deadly cancers of the
central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by the presence of hypoxic regions …

The repair of damaged endothelium is crucial for vascular homeostasis maintenance, which
comprises the recovery of early stage impaired endothelial cells and migration of …

Engeletin is a natural derivative of Smilax glabra rhizomilax that exhibits anti-inflammatory
activity and suppresses lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the …

Background The small GTPase RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) regulates a
variety of cellular processes, including cell motility, proliferation, survival, and permeability …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) consist of five molecules (VEGFA through D as
well as placental growth factor) which are crucial for regulating key cellular and tissue …