Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are conserved across species and are important in stress
tolerance. Many sHsps exhibit chaperone-like activity in preventing aggregation of target …

Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is responsible for eliminating damaged or
unnecessary cells in multicellular organisms. Various types of intracellular stress trigger …

In addition to inducing new transcriptional activities that lead within a few hours to the
accumulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps), heat shock activates within minutes the major …

Misfolding, aggregation, and aberrant accumulation of proteins are central components in
the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Cellular molecular chaperone systems …

Keloids are considered as benign fibroproliferative skin tumors growing beyond the site of
the original dermal injury. Although traditionally viewed as a form of skin scarring, keloids …

Cell survival requires multiple factors, including appropriate proportions of molecular oxygen
and various antioxidants. Although most oxidative insults can be overcome by the cell's …

The cellular-stress response can mediate cellular protection through expression of heat-
shock protein (Hsp) 70, which can interfere with the process of apoptotic cell death. Stress …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 are powerful chaperones. Their
expression is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental …

During apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane permeability (MMP) increases and the release
into the cytosol of pro-apoptotic factors (procaspases, caspase activators and caspase …

Cadmium is an important toxic environmental heavy metal. Occupational and environmental
pollution with cadmium results mainly from mining, metallurgy industry and manufactures of …