Importance Low back pain (LBP) with or without lower extremity pain (LEP) is one of the
most common reasons for seeking medical care. Previous studies investigating costs in this …

Objective Costs associated with low back pain (LBP) continue to rise. Despite numerous
clinical practice guidelines, the evaluation and treatments for LBP are variable and largely …

Routinely collected data have been increasingly used to assess long‐term opioid therapy
(LTOT) patterns, with very little guidance on how to measure LTOT from these data sources …

Objective The aim of this research was to examine the scope of evidence for the influence of
a nonmedical initial provider on health care utilization and outcomes in people with low back …

Background In an article published in 2011, we discussed the need for a new role in health
care systems, referred to as the Primary Spine Practitioner (PSP). The PSP model was …

Objective To identify the impact of osteoporosis (OS) on postoperative outcomes in Medicare
patients undergoing ASD surgery. Background Patients with OP and advanced age …

Background It remains unclear how type of insurance coverage affects long-term, spine-
specific patient-reported outcomes (PROs). This study sought to elucidate the impact of …

Study Design. Retrospective cohort studying using a national, administrative database.
Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the postoperative complications and …

Background The morbidity and mortality associated with opioid and benzodiazepine co-
prescription is a pressing national concern. Little is known about patterns of opioid and …

Objective The aims of the study were to identify prognostic factors associated with health
care outcomes in patients with musculoskeletal conditions in primary care and to determine …