During vertebrate craniofacial development, neural crest cells (NCCs) contribute much of the
cartilage, bone and connective tissue that make up the developing head. Although the initial …

Craniofacial malformations are involved in three fourths of all congenital birth defects in
humans, affecting the development of head, face, or neck. Tremendous progress in the study …

Neural crest cells are multipotential stem cells that contribute extensively to vertebrate
development and give rise to various cell and tissue types. Determination of the fate of …

ABSTRACT β-Catenin is a central component of both the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion
complex and the Wnt signaling pathway. We have investigated the role of β-catenin during …

ABSTRACT A subpopulation of neural crest termed the cardiac neural crest is required in
avian embryos to initiate reorganization of the outflow tract of the developing cardiovascular …

During mammalian evolution, expansion of the cerebral hemispheres was accompanied by
expansion of the frontal and parietal bones of the skull vault and deployment of the coronal …

Compound null mutations of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) genes lead to lethality in utero or
shortly after birth and to numerous developmental abnormalities. In the accompanying paper …

Abstract dHAND and eHAND are related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors
that are expressed in mesodermal and neural crest-derived structures of the developing …

The c-ret proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase whose normal function has yet
to be determined. To begin to investigate the potential role of this gene in vertebrate …

The mammalian ear is a complex structure divided into three main parts: the outer; middle;
and inner ear. These parts are formed from all three germ layers and neural crest cells …