Purpose Following curative treatment for localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC), up to 30% of
patients develop tumour recurrence. Prognostic scores are essential to guide individualised …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are broadly expressed in human cancers, and HIF1α and
HIF2α were previously suspected to promote tumour progression through largely …

Rapid progress in molecular cancer biology coupled with the discovery of novel oncology
drugs has opened new horizons for cancer target discovery. As one of the crucial signaling …

Abstract Background: Oxygen (O2) homeostasis is an indispensable requirement of
eukaryotes. O2 concentration in cellular milieu is defined as normoxia (∼ 21% O2) …

Context Renal cancer is a common urologic malignancy, and therapeutic options for
metastatic disease are limited. Most clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) are associated …

CONTEXT: The natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is highly unpredictable. Small
renal masses may be accompanied by metastatic disease. Conversely, patients with locally …

The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing worldwide with an approximate
20% mortality rate. The challenge in RCC is the therapy-resistance. Cancer resistance to …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal
role in mediating cell size and mass, proliferation, and survival. mTOR has also emerged as …

Hypoxia is a microenvironmental factor which plays a critical role in development and tumor
progression. The hypoxic response is mainly mediated by hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) …

Simple Summary Kidney cancer is a frequent malignant tumor that accounts for
approximately 5% of all cancer incidences. It affects both males and females, but males are …