Rail is expected to become the backbone of future mobility in the world as the cleanest and
greenest high-volume transport. Rail generates the lowest CO2 emissions and energy …

The Schoen I-graph-wrapped package (IWP) structures are recognized as one of the best
promising cellular structures because of their high specific mechanical properties and …

Ballast made up of discrete granular particles of rock is a principal component of railway
tracks. This review paper focuses on using Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) for modelling …

In the discrete element method (DEM), the geometric description of each particle is important
for the overall system behavior. However, increasing complexity of particles also augments …

In this study, a series of field tests were performed on End Anchor-reinforced Sleeper (EAS)
and Unreinforced Sleepers (URS) in order to assess changes in the lateral resistance of a …

With the increasing speed of trains and the axle load of railways, the need to provide lateral
stability of railways becomes more important. Small-radius curves on conventional tracks …

From the perspective of the ballast railway track lateral stability, the sleeper-to-ballast
interface has a vital role in the interaction between the sleeper and shoulder, crib, and base …

The main functions of railway sleepers are:(i) to safely transfer loads from wheel axles to
foundation;(ii) to secure both rails ensuring correct track gauge at all time; and,(iii) to restrain …

Lateral displacement of sleepers and uneven settlement in ballast layer induced by lateral
loading of trains running through the curves, the continuous rail's thermal force, and the …

Railway tracks must resist lateral horizontal forces associated with curving and wind loading
of trains and provide lateral restraint to prevent rail buckling in hot weather. On a ballasted …