Abstract Background Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal, an environmental
toxicant, and toxic at a low concentration, and it has no known beneficial role in the human …

Cadmium is a non-essential trace metal that has strong teratogenic and mutagenic effects in
living organisms. The content is more highly enriched in women than in men and can enter …

Objective Prenatal exposure to heavy metals, pesticides and phenols has been suggested
to interfere with neurodevelopment, but the neurotoxicity of their mixtures is still unclear. We …

Background The epidemiological evidence on the associations between prenatal exposure
to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and thyroid hormones in newborns was inconclusive …

Background Prenatal exposure to metals may play an important role in fetal growth.
However, the epidemiologic evidence for certain metals is sparse, and most of the existing …

Background Prenatal exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been
linked to low birth weight but higher childhood weight and obesity. However, little is known …

Cadmium is a ubiquitous, non-essential metal that has earned a spot on the World Health
Organizations top 10 chemicals of major public health concern. The mechanisms of …

As a non-essential metal, cadmium (Cd) poses a significant threat to food safety and public
health. This risk is particularly pronounced for infants and young children due to their high …

Background: Studies have evaluated environmental exposure to toxic metals such as
arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), or lead (Pb) on birth size; however …

Background There are several inconsistencies in the epidemiological literature on the
strength of the association between cadmium exposure and adverse pregnancy and birth …