The immune response in the brain has been widely investigated and while many studies
have focused on the proinflammatory cytotoxic response, the brain's innate immune system …

Since the original identification of microglia as a principal player in the brain's innate
immune response, microglial activation has been widely studied. Recent studies suggest …

To fulfill the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demand of proliferation, T cells reprogram their
metabolic pathways from fatty acid β-oxidation and pyruvate oxidation via the TCA cycle to …

The molecular mechanisms by which liver genes are differentially expressed along a
portocentral axis, allowing for metabolic zonation, are poorly understood. We provide here …

Arginine, a semi-essential amino acid is an important initiator of the immune response.
Arginine serves as a precursor in several metabolic pathways in different organs. In the …

Arginase is a widely known enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-
arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The action of arginase goes beyond the boundaries of …

Arginine is derived from dietary protein intake, body protein breakdown, or endogenous de
novo arginine production. The latter may be linked to the availability of citrulline, which is the …

Exosomes, abundant in blood, deliver various molecules to recipient cells. Endothelial cells
are directly exposed to circulating substances. However, how endothelial cells respond to …

Background L-arginine is considered to be one of the most versatile amino acids due to the
fact that it serves as a precursor for many important molecules in cellular physiology. When …

Arginase, often perceived solely as the last of the now six enzymes of the urea cycle, exists
in two forms and has a broad tissue distribution. A cytosolic form, AI, is highly expressed in …