Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide, in spite of
the availability and global employment of ND vaccinations since the 1950s. Strains of …

Simple Summary Avian influenza viruses are highly contagious respiratory viruses that
severely impact bird populations, causing significant morbidity, mortality, and economic …

Diseases of Poultry is the most comprehensive reference for all aspects of poultry health and
diseases, including pathogenesis, diagnostics, epidemiology, and control methods …

The Paramyxoviridae family has several genera that include important human and
veterinary pathogens such as Rubulavirus, Respiroviruses, Henipavirus, and the Avulavirus …

Despite rampant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks in Africa for decades, the
information about the genetic characteristics of the virulent strains circulating in West and …

The 2021/2022 epizootic of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAIV) remains one of the
largest ever in the UK, being caused by a clade 2.3. 4.4 b H5N1 HPAIV. This epizootic …

Wild aquatic birds have been associated with the intercontinental spread of H5 subtype
highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/GD) …

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a respiratory tract infection of chickens caused by Gallid
herpesvirus type 1 (GaHV‐1). This virus may cause severe production losses due to …

Simple Summary Highly pathogenic avian influenza is a virus-induced contagious disease
that has killed a large number of poultry and wild birds in Europe in the recent decade and is …

The main findings of the post-mortem examination of poultry infected with highly pathogenic
avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) include necrotizing inflammation and viral antigen in …