Phenological mismatch results when interacting species change the timing of regularly
repeated phases in their life cycles at different rates. We review whether this continuously …

Climate change has led to shifts in phenology in many species distributed widely across
taxonomic groups. It is, however, unclear how we should interpret these shifts without some …

Shifts in phenology are already resulting in disruptions to the timing of migration and
breeding, and asynchronies between interacting species,,,–. Recent syntheses have …

Rapid climate change has been implicated as a cause of evolution in poorly adapted
populations. However, phenotypic plasticity provides the potential for organisms to respond …

Consistent with a warming climate, birds are shifting the timing of their migrations, but it
remains unclear to what extent these shifts have kept pace with the changing environment …

The pivotal question in the debate on the ecological effects of climate change is whether
species will be able to adapt fast enough to keep up with their changing environment. If we …

Climate influences a population through a variety of processes, including reproduction,
growth, migration patterns and phenology. Climate may operate either directly through …

Climate change affects timing of reproduction in many bird species, but few studies have
investigated its influence on annual reproductive output. Here, we assess changes in the …

Summary 1 Climate change has been shown to affect the phenology of many organisms, but
interestingly these shifts are often unequal across trophic levels, causing a mismatch …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the potential consequences of mistiming and
identifies a number of ways in which either individual birds or bird populations potentially …