Protein phosphorylation is a crucial regulator of protein and cellular function, yet, despite
identifying an enormous number of phosphorylation sites, the role of most is still unclear …

Cell-free gene expression (CFE) emerged as an alternative approach to living cells for
specific applications in protein synthesis and labelling for structural biology and proteomics …

The encoded biosynthesis of proteins provides the ultimate paradigm for high-fidelity
synthesis of long polymers of defined sequence and composition, but it is limited to …

Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to
genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical …

Proteins carry out a wide variety of catalytic, regulatory, signalling and structural functions in
living systems. Following their assembly on ribosomes and throughout their lifetimes, most …

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) produce significant changes in the structural
properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) by affecting their energy landscapes …

In the past 15 years, there have been rapid developments in the ability to cotranslationally
incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins produced in cells, both at defined sites via …

Our understanding of the complex molecular processes of living organisms at the molecular
level is growing exponentially. This knowledge, together with a powerful arsenal of tools for …

Since the establishment of site-specific mutagenesis of single amino acids to interrogate
protein function in the 1970s, biochemists have sought to tailor protein structure in the native …

Over the last decade, the ability to genetically encode unnatural amino acids (UAAs) has
evolved rapidly. The programmed incorporation of UAAs into recombinant proteins relies on …