Heavy metals bring long-term hazardous consequences and pose a serious threat to all life
forms. Being non-biodegradable, they can remain in the food webs for a long period of time …

Lipases are industrial biocatalysts, which are involved in several novel reactions, occurring
in aqueous medium as well as non-aqueous medium. Furthermore, they are well-known for …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

Recent advances in molecular biology have extended our understanding of the metabolic
processes related to microbial transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The physiological …

Metabolites, substrates and substrate impurities may be toxic to cells by damaging biological
molecules, organelles, membranes or disrupting biological processes. Chemical stress is …

▪ Abstract Organic solvents can be toxic to microorganisms, depending on the inherent
toxicity of the solvent and the intrinsic tolerance of the bacterial species and strains. The …

It has been known for several decades that cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) occur in the
phospholipids of many species of bacteria. CFAs are formed by the addition of a methylene …

Sulfonates and sulfate esters are widespread in nature, and make up over 95% of the sulfur
content of most aerobic soils. Many microorganisms can use sulfonates and sulfate esters as …

High concentrations of tannins in fodder plants inhibit gastrointestinal bacteria and reduce
ruminant performance. Increasing the proportion of tannin-resistant bacteria in the rumen …

Microbial chemical production is a rapidly growing industry, with much of the growth fueled
by advances in synthetic biology. New approaches have enabled rapid strain engineering …