In this review, we investigate the question of backreaction in different approaches to
cosmological perturbation theory, and with a special focus on quantum theoretical aspects …

The problems of coarse-graining and averaging of inhomogeneous cosmologies, and their
backreaction on average cosmic evolution, are reviewed from a physical viewpoint. A …

We derive the relationship of the redshift and the angular diameter distance to the average
expansion rate for universes which are statistically homogeneous and isotropic and where …

The effect of a stochastic background of cosmological perturbations on the luminosity-
redshift relation is computed to second order through a recently proposed covariant and …

Using a recently proposed gauge invariant formulation of light-cone averaging, together with
adapted``geodesic light-cone" coordinates, we show how an``induced backreaction" effect …

Abstract Measurements of the Type Ia supernovae Hubble diagram which suggest that the
Universe is accelerating due to the effect of dark energy may be biased because we are …

In the standard cosmological model, the dimming of distant Type Ia supernovae is explained
by invoking the existence of repulsive “dark energy” which is causing the Hubble expansion …

We show how to provide suitable gauge invariant prescriptions for the classical spatial
averages (resp. quantum expectation values) that are needed in the evaluation of classical …

We provide a thorough examination of the conditions for the existence of back-reaction and
an'effective'acceleration (in the context of Buchert's averaging formalism) in regular generic …

Motivated by the observed cosmic matter distribution, we present the following conjecture:
due to the formation of voids and opaque structures, the average matter density on the path …