Cooperative breeding, in which more than a pair of conspecifics cooperate to raise young at
a single nest or brood, is widespread among vertebrates but highly variable in its …

Unravelling the evolution of complex social organization in animals is an important aim, not
least because it helps to understand the evolutionary roots of human sociality. Recent …

Identifying factors responsible for the emergence and evolution of social complexity is an
outstanding challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we report results from a phylogenetic …

Nonhuman primate societies vary tremendously in size and composition, but how and why
evolutionary transitions among different states occurred remains highly controversial. In …

Cichlid fishes are champion caregivers that protect, clean, aerate, and sometimes even feed
their young. This tropical fish family's extensive species radiation combined with great …

The complex social behaviour of cichlids has fascinated scientists and hobbyists alike for
almost 100 years. In this chapter, we review the breadth and complexity of cichlid behaviour …

Abstract Changes in signaling repertoires across species allow for insight into the
macroevolutionary forces that control signaling systems. Signaling systems are theorized to …

In order to deeply analyse the law of urban green space evolution, this paper discusses the
change of urban ecological environment effect brought about by green space evolution and …

Highlights•Conflicts over resources differ between cichlids with different social systems.•
Cooperatively breeding cichlids show more de-escalation behaviours during conflicts.• …

Kin selection plays a major role in the evolution of cooperative systems. However, many
social species exhibit complex within-group relatedness structures, where kin selection …